{"id":15788,"date":"2024-02-20T07:46:34","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T07:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/2024\/02\/20\/the-kremlin-has-never-been-richer-thanks-to-a-us-strategic-partner\/"},"modified":"2024-02-20T07:46:34","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T07:46:34","slug":"the-kremlin-has-never-been-richer-thanks-to-a-us-strategic-partner","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/2024\/02\/20\/the-kremlin-has-never-been-richer-thanks-to-a-us-strategic-partner\/","title":{"rendered":"The Kremlin has never been richer \u2013 thanks to a US strategic partner"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Russia is entering its third year of war in Ukraine with an\u00a0unprecedented amount of cash in government coffers, bolstered by a record\u00a0$37 billion of crude oil sales to India last year, according to new analysis, which concludes that some of the crude was refined by India and then exported to the United States as oil products worth more than $1 billion. <\/p>\n

While Russian crude sales to India are not subject to sanctions and are entirely legitimate, an examination of shipping routes by experts suggests this huge volume of shipments might involve the so-called \u201cshadow fleet\u201d of crude tankers, specially created by Moscow to try to disguise who it is trading with and how,\u00a0and maximize the Kremlin\u2019s profits. <\/p>\n

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Live Updates <\/span> <\/span> <\/div>\n
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The two tankers have colorful histories. Both embarked from Russia weeks earlier. One is owned by an Indian-based company accused of involvement in sanctions violations, and the other was previously owned by an individual subject to separate\u00a0US sanctions,\u00a0according to shipping monitoring firm Pole Star Global. <\/p>\n

\u201cTransfers are (sometimes) done legally, but they\u2019re also used as an illicit tactic to evade sanctions,\u201d\u00a0said\u00a0David Tannenbaum at Pole Star Global. \u201cYou\u2019re adding multiple layers to the shell game of vessels as they try and confuse authorities as to where this oil is coming from and who\u2019s buying it at the end of the day.\u201d <\/p>\n

Dozens of similar transfers occur each week in the Laconian Gulf of Greece, a convenient waypoint en route to the Suez Canal and Asian markets, analysts say. <\/p>\n

Earlier in February,\u00a0the US Treasury rolled out a new package of sanctions against ships and companies suspected of helping move Russian crude in violation of US sanctions, in a bid to impede the functioning of Russia\u2019s shadow fleet. <\/p>\n

The United States led a coalition of countries in late 2022 that agreed to a \u201cprice cap,\u201d undertaking not to buy Russian crude above $60 a barrel. Those nations also forbade their shipping companies and insurance firms \u2013 key players in global shipping \u2013 from facilitating the trade of Russian crude above that price. <\/p>\n

\u201cThe price cap was the real trigger for the creation of the shadow fleet,\u201d said Viktor Katona, head of crude oil analysis at trade research firm Kpler. \u201cThe longer the supply chains, the more difficult it is to disentangle ship-to-ship transfers, the more difficult it would get\u2026 to determine the real cost of a Russian barrel.\u201d <\/p>\n

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Tannenbaum at Pole Star Global said the firm \u201csuspected\u201d that the primary motive for these transfers was to evade sanctions as \u201calmost all these vessels\u201d had a connection to the US or the European Union, and would be subject to the price cap. \u201cThis bay is enclosed. It\u2019s out of the way. And so they can kind of do this activity pseudo-anonymously.\u201d <\/p>\n

Ami Daniel, CEO of Windward, made a similar assessment: \u201cThat is part of a Russian methodical, systemic effort to just make everything much more complicated.\u201d He described the incentive for Russia and oil traders to circumvent sanctions as \u201cgigantic,\u201d saying: \u201cYou really needed to have a reason to transfer 60-plus million barrels in the middle of the ocean and export them to India because it\u2019s much easier not to do that \u2013 to sail directly.\u201d <\/p>\n

The shadow fleet has enabled Russia to create a parallel shipping structure that can weather the changing tactics and focus of Western sanctions, with hundreds of tankers of opaque ownership, using complex routes. Windward estimates that this fleet grew to\u00a01,800 vessels last year. <\/p>\n

The net impact\u00a0of India\u2019s crude purchases has been to weaken the pinch Russian President Vladimir Putin feels from oil sanctions. Russia\u2019s federal revenues ballooned to\u00a0a record $320 billion in 2023\u00a0and are\u00a0set to rise further\u00a0still. Roughly\u00a0a third\u00a0of the money\u00a0was spent on the war in Ukraine last year, according to some analysts,\u00a0<\/strong>and a greater proportion still is set to finance the conflict in 2024. <\/p>\n

The funds at the Kremlin\u2019s disposal put Moscow in a better position to sustain a lengthy war than Kyiv, which is struggling to maintain the desperately needed flow of Western cash. <\/p>\n

According to an analysis of public data from the Russian finance ministry by RAND economist Howard Shatz, Russian federal revenue and expenditure were both at an all-time high in 2023. Yet Moscow still didn\u2019t balance the books, he said, an indication of the war\u2019s sheer cost, but also of the hit to oil revenue from sanctions. <\/p>\n

\u201cDespite the jump in revenues, the federal budget deficit was at its third-highest\u2026 larger only in 2022 and 2020,\u201d he said. \u201cTax on domestic production and imports are both high and effective, which means they are taxing their own population to pay for this war,\u201d he said. <\/p>\n

India has justified its purchases from Russia as a means of keeping global prices lower as it\u2019s not competing with Western nations for Middle Eastern oil. India\u2019s Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas Hardeep Singh Puri told CNBC last week: \u201cIf we start buying more of the Middle Eastern oil, the oil price will not be at $75 or $76. It will be $150.\u201d <\/p>\n

India\u2019s complex role in global oil trade is also reflected in the fate of the oil products Russian crude is turned into. Some of the crude is refined into oil products at refineries on India\u2019s western coast, and then exported to the US and other countries signed up to sanctions on Russian oil. Products refined outside of Russia are not covered by sanctions, an omission critics call a \u201crefinery loophole.\u201d <\/p>\n

The analysis by the CREA estimated the US was the biggest buyer of refined products from India made from Russian crude last year, worth $1.3 billion between early December 2022,\u00a0when the price cap was introduced, and the end of 2023. The organization\u2019s estimates are based on publicly available shipping and energy data. <\/p>\n

The value of these oil product exports rises significantly once US allies that are also enforcing sanctions against Russia are included. The CREA estimated that $9.1 billion worth of oil products made from Russian crude was imported by these nations in 2023, a 44% \u00a0increase from the year before. <\/p>\n

Moscow has found means to enrich itself off this refining and export process too. One of the Indian refineries and ports accepting Russian crude is in Vadinar, and run by a company called Nayara Energy, which is 49.1% -owned by Russian state oil giant Rosneft. The CREA estimated that the US imported $63 million worth of oil products refined in Vadinar in 2023, and that about half the crude used in the plant was Russian.\u00a0All of which is entirely above board. <\/p>\n

But the\u00a0organization\u2019s report added that exports from Vadinar \u201clead to significant tax revenues for the Kremlin in the form of taxing the exported Russian crude oil\u201d and also via the profits made by Rosneft from the refining and resale to Moscow\u2019s Western opponents. <\/p>\n

Still, analysts say the profits that can be made from even the smallest evasion of sanctions against Russia are vast, because of the significant sums involved in trading a single oil tanker\u2019s cargo. \u201cReally you\u2019re talking about something which is amazingly lucrative,\u201d said Daniel at Windward. \u201cThe temptation to do that\u2026 is absolutely huge for the traders. They could just make $10 to 40 million within four or five months. I\u2019m not sure there\u2019s any other opportunity in the world to do that.\u201d <\/p>\n\n

This post appeared first on cnn.com<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Russia is entering its third year of war in Ukraine with an\u00a0unprecedented amount of cash in government coffers, bolstered by a record\u00a0$37 billion of crude oil sales to India last year, according to new analysis, which concludes that some of the crude was refined by India and then exported to the United States as oil <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":15789,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15788","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-world"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15788\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/shareperformanceinsight.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}